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Posts Tagged ‘S&P 500’

Stocks and the US$: Correlation Update

Tuesday, March 23rd, 2010
 

First lets review the formula. 

A correlation between two variables is the covariance between each divided by the product of each variables standard deviation (or the square root of each variables variance).

Since the correlation is a normalized number it is important to remember that it is a user friendly but not that usable variable. It describes the co-movement but says little more than that. There are much more powerful analytical co-dependence functions than correlation. Product advertisement: we are thinking about developing a powerful yet fun to use platform that will facilitate statistical modelling of financial markets.

Anyways, look at the recent rolling correlation of the S&P 500 and the US dollar.  This is a rolling 1 year correlation using weekly percent return figures on SPX and DXY.

S&P 500 and DXY Correlation: (Weekly, 1 year)

  1. Notice the very positive correlation leading up to the Tech bubble market peak in early 2000, where the correlation was as high as 60%.  Here the US economy was booming, the stock market was in a dizzying rally, and the US$ continued to strengthen (the EUR was at $0.85 in 2000, versus $1.35 now).
  2. The average correlation in this period was -20% as a strong dollar usually meant bad news for the US economy as it hurt exports, and correspondingly the market. Leading up to August 2008, the equity market was correcting and the equity market was selling off until September when Lehman went broke, and there was a massive flight to quality and the US$ rallied. This threw the market’s negative correlation back to nearly all time low of -60% until …
  3. From less correlated to slightly less correlated.  The correlation is increasing. We had a substantial bottom in the Dollar in December 2009 (since then the DXY is up nearly 8% and SPX is up about 6%).

It is important to mention that though the trade weighted Dollar is up 8% since early December, it is up almost 11% versus the EUR. This implies that versus other currencies the USD has not gained much.

Thanks for reading,

The Covert Analytics Team

Valuing Mr. Market

Tuesday, March 9th, 2010
This table gives a good snapshot of how a wide range of global, developed stock markets have performed since the US bottomed exactly 1 year ago.   The US is up 68%.  However on a fundamental metrics basis, the US is trading at 12x future earnings, compared with 10-11x in Germany / France / UK. Note also that these European markets have a higher dividend yield of almost 150 bps.

Global Equity Snapshot

 

 Here is where the S&P stands now, both on its EPS (Earnings per share) and the P/E multiple (Price divided by Earnings).  This gives us the current value of about 1,135 on the S&P.  

  

Now, where to from here? Assuming bottom up company forecasts of about $78 of an EPS number for this calendar year (thus an estimate), let’s see how this calculates through for a range on the S&P.  Jeremy Siegel recently was quoted as saying that in this range of a low real interest rates environment, a P/E multiple of approximately 18x fits.  That would give us a decent amount of upside still in the Equity market. 

 

The first table was taken from a Barron’s article, “Happy Anniversary, Investors” commetning on the 1 year anniversary of the stock market bottom (3/9/2009). Basically the conclusion is that there are still a plethora of good investment options, and though they are not outright giveaways.  Here is a summary of some “giveaways” from last year: 

Ford (F) at $2, now at $12
General Electric (GE) at $6, now at $16 
Goldman Sachs (GS) at $53, now at $171 

Anyways, in conclusion: there are solid investments out there, for buyers with patience.

Some need-to-know tidbits on market timing

Tuesday, March 2nd, 2010

We grew up in the ‘hood.  The “hood” of academic circles.  Our formative years in money management were spent surrounded by brilliant academics, a few literally with Nobel Prizes, a few more PhDs, and a bunch of graduates from Wharton / Kellogg etc.  This should be a great start, you would say? It actually wasn’t.

Quoting Warren …
In retrospect, we all learned a bunch. What I would sarcastically say is that we learned what not to think.  In our defense, even Warren Buffett said at his 2009 annual shareholders meeting that if he taught a course on investing, the first thing he would do is unteach the “efficient market hypothesis”!

Cross-Check
The problem was we were building a new type of money management firm, based more on index-investing (since you could not outperform the index) rather than blindly allocating to managers. The problem with that approach was still that you needed an asset allocation approach to “beat the business cycle”. The “Chicago boys” thought this was a waste of time, markets were efficient, you could not outsmart them, etc.  This greatly upset the other half of us, who wanted eventually to run our own hedge funds and were insulted at this death knell to our future careers.

Our focus has always been on using quantitative techniques to identify when investment opportunities offer the most probable profit. Thus why we developed Covert Analytics. We were frustrated that some basic tools were not commercially available for portfolio managers, money managers, investment management firms, asset allocators, family offices, whatever label you want to give them.

Fast forward to Covert Analytics
Our platform is not a market timing software.  Our software is about identifying when forces are in place to propel asset markets further, or when valuations, monetary conditions, etc are so stretched that a price collapse is likely in the medium term.

What the Research Says
We realize how important the confidence our clients place in us is. Our entire premise is that asset allocation is the most important decision a money manager has to make. More important than security selection, more important than the aggregate effect of tactical trades, etc. Here are some studies we recently evaluated and their conclusion on market timing.

  • The Clairvoyant Investor Not Much Better Off
    Sharpe (1975) imagined an investor who had two assets to choose from: US Stocks and Cash, and invested with perfect accuracy in the “higher returning asset” plus transaction costs.  The results were rather disappointing: Perfect Timing resulted in a 15.3% annual return versus 12.8% for Buy and Hold, an outperformance of 2.5% annually.  This did include however pretty high transaction costs.
  • Missing the 10 Best? Invest in Cash
    Jeffrey (1984) did an analysis on comparing perfect accuracy with horrible accuracy, but the most interesting conclusion we thought was this: If the 10 best performing stock market years out of his study are missed, then the resulting return is equivalent to a cash return.
  • Out for Best 7%, Return of 0%
    Chandy and Reichenstein (1993) came to a similar conclusion as Jeffrey: using monthly data since 1926, they concluded that if an investor missed the best 7% of monthly returns, then the remaining 93% of the months provide a 0% return.

Clearly market timing is  a tough task. We believe that with our approach, and a wide variety of assets, outperforming the market in a systematic way is achievable.  What this research proves is the following: forecasting bull markets is just as important (actually more important) than forecasting bear markets over the long run.

BTRheT

US Stock Market Outlook

Wednesday, January 27th, 2010
 
The S&P 500 today had a shakeout in response to the Federal Reserve announcement.  It has since made a great rally (not shown on the graph!!!).

S&P 500 Intraday

 Regardless of the noise today – please note the 5% correction we have had over the past two weeks. This coincided with earnings season.  It is interesting that 3/4 of the companies that have reported earnings beat estimates, according to Bloomberg.  If you look at an average 4Q earnings report, it is typical to see a 8-10% increase in revenue y-o-y but a nearly 20% gain in earnings.  Shows that companies are being run very efficiently; Gavekal says they are being run even more efficiently than sovereigns!

S&P 500 Intraday for past 15 days

The trend from March 2009 seems still well in place. It is clear the pace of stock gains has moderated since about November, and we are having another 5 % selloff. In the graph below there are arrows indicating the 5% corrections that have occurred since the rally began.  In other words, no need to cry wolf yet.  Markets are trading reasonably well and we believe they are in great shape.  In other words, any further weakness in the broad market would be seen as a short term buying opportunity for those investors who have not entered or have a lower than target allocation.

S7P 500 past 12 months

 

On a similar note, we acknowledge the many tailwinds that are facing investors … they include ( this is a non exclusive list compiled by us ):

  

And the case for the bulls is as follows:

Bulls ...

Peaks and troughs in the Chinese stock market

Thursday, January 14th, 2010
 

We wanted to evaluate the peaks and troughs in the Chinese Shanghai A share stock index and see how they compared with the US benchmark (S&P 500).  The Shanghai index defines how a “high octane” market performs.  What we did was look at all the major peaks and troughs in the SHASHR index and see for the exact same period how the US market performed.  We were surprised by the results. 

Keep in mind that what occurred during the past 15 years (pay attention to timing):

  1. On a total return basis the US equity market had no negative returning years in the 90s.  The Shanghai market on a calendar year basis was down -21% in 1994 and -14$ in 1995.  The major bottom however occurred in July 1994. 
  2. The LTCM crisis and Russia default in 1998 was a blip on the screen in the long term bull market of this period.
  3. The US officially entered into recession in 2001, but the TMT bubble burst in March 2000.  After declining nearly 50% the US equity market bottomed out in March 2003 (October 2002 had a false bottom!) and began a multi year bull market till the end of 2007. 
  4. The financial crisis was a multi year event but most major Equity markets peaked in October 2007.  The US equity market had a false bottom in late 2008 then had a mini rally til the lows were retested in March 2009 (where the major bottom was formed).

China versus the US (local currency) The first major market correction from 2001 through 2005 coincidede with a positive return in the US market. The next bull market run from 2005-2007 in Shanghai was met with a modest +30% return in the US market - note it already had a huge runup. The financial crisis and subsequent market recovery showed a very similar tune. Taking a step back for a second, we wondered how Brazil performed during these times: Brazil, US and China ..... local currency