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Archive for the ‘Our Approach’ Category

Remarks from a hedge fund god

Wednesday, March 17th, 2010

Ed Thorp, not only a leading thinker on markets and investing, but also one of the most successful hedge fund managers out there was quoted a few years back regarding trade idea generation and how money managers need to evolve. It is a great quote and should lead anyone in the business to refocus on the essentials:

“Where do the ideas come from? Mine come from sitting and thinking, academic journals, general and financial reading, networking and discussions with other people.

In each of our three examples (blackjack, convertible bonds, statistical arbitrage), the market was inefficient and the inefficiency or mispricing tended to diminish somewhat, but gradually over many years. Competition tends to drive down returns, so continuous research and development is advisable. In the words of Leroy Satchel Paige, “Dont look back. Something might be gaining on you.”

Some need-to-know tidbits on market timing

Tuesday, March 2nd, 2010

We grew up in the ‘hood.  The “hood” of academic circles.  Our formative years in money management were spent surrounded by brilliant academics, a few literally with Nobel Prizes, a few more PhDs, and a bunch of graduates from Wharton / Kellogg etc.  This should be a great start, you would say? It actually wasn’t.

Quoting Warren …
In retrospect, we all learned a bunch. What I would sarcastically say is that we learned what not to think.  In our defense, even Warren Buffett said at his 2009 annual shareholders meeting that if he taught a course on investing, the first thing he would do is unteach the “efficient market hypothesis”!

Cross-Check
The problem was we were building a new type of money management firm, based more on index-investing (since you could not outperform the index) rather than blindly allocating to managers. The problem with that approach was still that you needed an asset allocation approach to “beat the business cycle”. The “Chicago boys” thought this was a waste of time, markets were efficient, you could not outsmart them, etc.  This greatly upset the other half of us, who wanted eventually to run our own hedge funds and were insulted at this death knell to our future careers.

Our focus has always been on using quantitative techniques to identify when investment opportunities offer the most probable profit. Thus why we developed Covert Analytics. We were frustrated that some basic tools were not commercially available for portfolio managers, money managers, investment management firms, asset allocators, family offices, whatever label you want to give them.

Fast forward to Covert Analytics
Our platform is not a market timing software.  Our software is about identifying when forces are in place to propel asset markets further, or when valuations, monetary conditions, etc are so stretched that a price collapse is likely in the medium term.

What the Research Says
We realize how important the confidence our clients place in us is. Our entire premise is that asset allocation is the most important decision a money manager has to make. More important than security selection, more important than the aggregate effect of tactical trades, etc. Here are some studies we recently evaluated and their conclusion on market timing.

  • The Clairvoyant Investor Not Much Better Off
    Sharpe (1975) imagined an investor who had two assets to choose from: US Stocks and Cash, and invested with perfect accuracy in the “higher returning asset” plus transaction costs.  The results were rather disappointing: Perfect Timing resulted in a 15.3% annual return versus 12.8% for Buy and Hold, an outperformance of 2.5% annually.  This did include however pretty high transaction costs.
  • Missing the 10 Best? Invest in Cash
    Jeffrey (1984) did an analysis on comparing perfect accuracy with horrible accuracy, but the most interesting conclusion we thought was this: If the 10 best performing stock market years out of his study are missed, then the resulting return is equivalent to a cash return.
  • Out for Best 7%, Return of 0%
    Chandy and Reichenstein (1993) came to a similar conclusion as Jeffrey: using monthly data since 1926, they concluded that if an investor missed the best 7% of monthly returns, then the remaining 93% of the months provide a 0% return.

Clearly market timing is  a tough task. We believe that with our approach, and a wide variety of assets, outperforming the market in a systematic way is achievable.  What this research proves is the following: forecasting bull markets is just as important (actually more important) than forecasting bear markets over the long run.

BTRheT

Will liquidity offset the foreclosure crunch?

Wednesday, February 17th, 2010

A great but largely unknown resource for investment advisors is the “Monetary Trends” publication by the St Louis Federal Reserve (stlouisfed.org).  Their site is a vast collection of great research and speeches. 

How does this resource help?
At Covert Analytics we adopt a market forecasting and asset allocation approach which is based on simple, easy to understand principles. One of our principles is that an expanding liquidity base and credit creation usually leads to a favorable environment for economic expansion, and in turn a healthy climate for stocks and bonds.  “The rising tide lifts all boats” is an apt metaphor. As most of our readers know, our entire approach to investing is buy when the climate is ripe for appreciation, and sell when the climate is risky. many of the indicators we analyze to evaluate the monetary conditions are distributed by the St Louis Fed. (click here to open publication)

$473 billion in loans set to hit the market?
We were intrigued by a research piece put out by Standard and Poors.  Thanks to Barry Ritholtz at The Big Picture for distributing such an interesting piece.  The most important conclusion of this piece was that approximately $473 billion in loans will eventually need to be liquidated, which amounts to an estimated 1.75 million properties (or about 50% of all the houses available for sale as of December 2009). In other words, it is ugly! The dollar amount is estimated based on their categorization of the loans under analysis into four categories: performing, recently cured, seriously delinquent and REO.  Finally, the tally of $473 billion comprised of seriously delinquent, REO and likely to redefault loans, will need to be liquidated unless met with a substantial pick up in demand.

Why is this important?
This is important because it will likely hang on house prices for a very long time.  No matter how you slice it, Real Estate (technically a component of “tangible assets”) is the most important component of Household Net Worth.

So lets make the assumption that due to the foreclosure estimates from the S&P study, there is a 10% decline in housing prices coming.  This would result in a household contraction of $2.3 trillion. The National Bureau of Economics Research says there is a 10% pass through effect to consumer spending as a result of declines in household net worth. This would be an economic contraction of $230 billion (which represents 1.6% of GDP).

Can excess liquidity help offset this contraction?
The Monetary Trends publication shows some disappointing trends: the velocity of money is sluggish …

 

And bank credit growth is actually contracting!

In other words, it is unlikely that we will see a pickup in demand to offset the foreclosure crunch.  The data definitely does not suggest it, and given still high loan requirement standards, lower credit scores due to inability to meet payments, and deleveraging by banks and consumers, common sense confirms it!

Here is Barry’s post:   http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/2010/02/shadow-inventory-of-troubled-mortgages/

Federal Reserve balance sheet data:  http://www.federalreserve.gov/Releases/Z1/current/z1r-5.pdf 

Thanks for reading!

The Covert Analytics Team

The Covert Analytics Trinity

Saturday, January 30th, 2010

These are three integral components of the Covert Analytics approach, what we call our Trinity!

Here is a description of these components:

Gut feeling: We believe that the best money managers have a certain amount of experience, that translates into a “gut feeling” of the market. A deeper sense as to what drives the market’s up and down moves that does not vacillate depending on what the headlines say is causing markets to gyrate. It always amuses us when we see Bloomberg headlines that explain that “the market is up today because of X” and then subsequent day to see the market down and to have a headline that reads “X continues to disappoint, thus leading the market lower”. Gut feeling allows you to over write the noise. It allows you to have a grasp of what the market is going to do, how you will react if it unfolds and how you will manage your risk if it does not.

Systematic approach: This term refers to having a disciplined approach to investing, usually applied to ‘systematic hedge funds’. A systematic hedge fund is a concept that explains the investment style of the fund, where a system is in place to trade markets irregardless of the hedge fund manager’s input. The opposite of this is a discretionary approach, ie one where the hedge fund manager makes all investment calls for the fund on an “ad hoc basis”. We do not advocate that any investment advisor adopt a black box style approach to investing, which is what the majority of systematic hedge funds employ. What we strongly advocate however is that having a systematic approach which helps you maintain a framework across booms and busts, across bull markets and bear markets, will help you achieve greater returns over the long run by avoiding common pitfalls of investor emotions.

Global macro focus: Again this is a hedge fund term, but really applies more on the markets traded than anything else. The best global macro hedge fund managers (Paul Tudor Jones of Tudor Investment Corp, or Bruce Kovner of Caxton Associates) make the majority of their investment calls on broad market moves (ie where is the S&P going, how Crude, Gold is going to trade, where the Euro is headed) and typically abstain from “I like Dell over Microsoft” type calls. It is an emphasis on global capital flows and making money on stock, bond and commodity markets across the world. They benefit from the fact that usually “there is a bull market somewhere”. So not only is this a regional de-emphasis (ie go global), it is a security type definition as well (broad market indexes).

Covert Analytics is a software platform that was developed to allow investment advisors combine these three key paradigms into one successful money management platform. Our asset allocation software was designed to allow you to combine your gut feeling, with a systematic approach (that you custom tailor), and to have a global macro focus (rather than just simply allocating to US stocks, US bonds, and Cash).

The Covert Analytics Team

Great quote from a NY hedgie

Wednesday, January 20th, 2010
Was speaking to a NY based event driven hedge fund manager yesterday, and he had a great quote:

“Investing is 70% instinct, and 30% homework”

This is no small time hedgie either. He is the founding partner of a $2 billion event driven hedge fund. Reminds us of a great quote from one of our favorite investors, Marc Faber:

“Investing has a lot to do with common sense and personal observations”

We built Covert Analytics to allow investment advisors and portfolio managers to input their views across global capital markets. The framework we initially conceptualized would allow investors to apply a logical methodology to evaluate a varied group of assets, and to see how this methodology would have worked historically.

Here is how we see our platform “mixing” with our great quote:

Your views, our platform

Covert Analytics is a platform, that combined with your views, produces information that helps drive your portfolio management process

Our plaftorm + Your Views = Input for your PM Process

Our platform is not a black box which tells you how to allocate. Our software allows you to input market specific views without the traditional academic mumbo jumbo of forecasting market returns or standard deviations, but instead allows you to build and combine indicators which are consistent with your views. Our proprietary backtest methodology allows you to evaluate how your asset allocation model performs historically, factoring in the portfolio guidelines you set forth, and proposes a recommended asset allocation.

Covert Analytics is a platform which allows you to build dynamic, quantitative asset allocation models that are driven by your expertise, and your views. We are glad our hedgie friend said that, because we could not have agreed more!

The Covert Analytics Team

Kyle Bass (Hayman Advisors) Discussing Japan

Wednesday, January 20th, 2010

I am a huge fan both of Kyle Bass (of Hayman Advisors) and of the blog titled “Global Economic Analysis” …

About Kyle Bass
A great outside the box thinker. His hedge fund is based in Texas and though I am not familiar with the size of his fund or performance before their “grandslam” short of subprime in 2007-2008, this is one hedge fund I would give serious thought to.   Please read our previous posts on hedge funds and other illiquid assets to see our general view on hedge funds, which is reluctantly skeptical.

About Global Economic Analysis
I am a loyal reader to a handful of blogs, and Mr. Shedlock’s GEA blog is one of them.  I would recommend this blog to anyone interested in the markets.  His insight is right on point, and he finds away to bring the best of financial information to his readers without a perpetual bombardment of data, news links, etc.

Please see Kyle’s video and the helpful script provided by Mish at the link below:

Click here for link

Start asking the right questions

Friday, January 15th, 2010

As an investment advisor you are primarily responsible for 1) having a view on the markets and 2) how to position your portfolios (given their unique constraints) according to those views.  Too often more attention is paid to the vehicles used to implement those decisions. In other words, rather than spending the bulk of your time deciding how much to allocate to Equities, you spend the bulk of your time picking Equity fund managers.

The article below is a perfect example of this.  Though it is a good article, from the Financial Times Fund Management section, it should not be groundbreaking news to investment advisors. It should be met with a shrug of the shoulders.

The wrong question still has a good answer!

Too often outperforming Equity managers still cost portfolios to suffer substantial drawdowns in a bear market. Too often the best bond fund outperforms its benchmark by 300 bps annually during a market cycle that saw Equities double.  You see where this is going? Start asking the right questions:

In general, here is our view …

How we view market risk

Friday, January 8th, 2010

Risk is alot like rain, and your asset allocation is alot like an umbrella.  Your portfolio (you) always seem to get wet on your feet and the bottom part of your legs, right? Thats because the part of your body most exposed to the rain is your “risk assets” such as Equities and Commodities. These are the more volatile assets which though they have the best chance of giving your portfolio a substantial boost are also the most exposed when “the bear comes a-knocking”. The dry, upper part of your body? Thats the Bonds and Cash in your portfolio. Much more protected from the rain and thus less susceptible to market swings.

Risk and the Umbrella

 Covert Analytics aims to be your bigger umbrella! 

Covert Analytics = less risk

Trends in the Investment Management Industry: ETFs

Tuesday, January 5th, 2010
This graph is a depiction of how the investment management industry has evolved since the 1980s. Whats most obvious is that the dominance held by traditional funds (ie mutual funds) is being replaced by the index funds or passive investment approach.  Also note the growing importance of alternatives.  By alternatives we mean the alternative invesmtment management industry (specifically hedge funds, private equity etc).  Under index funds we lump the growing asset classes devoted to commodities (including Crude, Gold, Silver, Agriculturals, etc).

Evolution of the Asset Management Industry

We think most investment advisors should abandon the desire to bringing the “best” in the investment management industry into their client portfolios.  Time after time, we have seen mutual fund managers with stellar “alpha” capability get destroyed on a absolute and relative basis (Bill Miller of Legg Mason and Richard Pzena of the Pzena Value Fund are some examples).  What about hedge funds? They never do any harm right? Wrong.  Forgetting for a moment the obvious disasters like Madoff, there have been a string of “high-flying, hot shot” hedge fund managers that blew up rather spectacularly. 

Some “meltdowns” to note of in the hedge fund world: Polygon Global, Platinum Grove, and Amaranth … which were forced to wind down after horrendous performance. A slew of other hedge fund disasters are “restructuring” their funds, something which to me sounds like changing around the terms so they can start charging egregious performance fees given they are years away from hitting their old “high water marks”. 

Regardless, the range of investment options via low cost index funds is growing at a steady rate. For those eager to implement asset allocation strategies across various stages of the business cycle, futures or index funds are the way to go.

The Covert Analytics Team

What is investing?

Monday, January 4th, 2010

Here is our take on investing (borrowed from an analogy of Mr. Buffett): laying out cash in the present to get more cash in the future.

Diagram of What Investing Means

Aesop explained a relevant principle in one of his famous fables:

Aesop's Fable

Aesop was saying that it is better to have a sure thing than take a major gamble. Applying this concept to investing:

Aesop's Theory on Investing

Investing is trading the bird in the hand today for more birds in the future. There are many questions to ask including how many birds are in the bush, how sure you are to catch them, when you will catch them and how many birds there are in other bushes.